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Utilization of Abaca (Musa textilis) Fiber and Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Coir Waste as an Alternative Sink Filter

Ashley Nicole V. Mabelin and Jannah Alessandra A. Tapel

With improper disposal of used cooking oil is a common problem in the community, it causes clogged drains and water pollution. This study aimed to develop and test the alternative oil-absorbing sink filters using abaca (Musa textilis) fiber and coconut (Cocos nucifera) coir waste. A quantitative experimental design was used, which included three fiber-based filter setups and one commercial filter for comparison. Set-up A used abaca fiber, Set-up B used coconut coir, Set-up C combined both fibers, and Set-up D was a commercial filter.

Each set-up was then tested over three days, with three trials per day, using a 100 mL water and 100 mL cooking oil mixture. The performance was measured through flow rate, durability, and oil absorption. The results showed that Set-up D had the highest flow rate but absorbed no oil. Among fiber filters, Set-up A absorbed the most oil with an average of 44.4 grams, while Set-up B absorbed the least. Set-up C improved absorption over time. This result showed that abaca fiber proved most effective, offering an eco-friendly alternative to commercial filters.

Keywords—Oil-absorbing Sink Filter, Abaca (Musa textilis), Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

Entrepreneurial Mindset and Risk-Taking Behavior of Senior High School Youth Start-Ups at Catanduanes National High School

Aze Joven J. Lopez, Jheniffer T. Abobo, Janina Zaynah R. Breva, Francheska B. Tablizo

Student-led businesses are becoming increasingly visible in Senior High School, especially among learners seeking financial independence and real-world experience. Despite of the growing trend, it remains unclear whether having an entrepreneurial mindset really influences a student’s risk-taking in business. The relationship between entrepreneurial mindset and risk-taking behavior among Senior High School student entrepreneurs remains underexplored and lacks in-depth study, particularly in provincial settings. Understanding this relationship is important in strengthening entrepreneurship education and supporting young entrepreneurs. This study aimed to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial mindset and risk-taking behavior among Senior High youth start-ups at Catanduanes National High School during the School Year 2025–2026. A quantitative correlational research design was employed. The respondents consisted of twenty-one (21) purposively selected Senior High School students who manage food and non-food businesses. Data were gathered through a structured survey questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. While, statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that respondents generally exhibited a high level of entrepreneurial mindset, particularly in future orientation, resilience and adaptation, creativity and innovation, and opportunity recognition. In addition, their level of risk-taking behavior was found to be high. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there is a very strong positive correlation which means that SHS student entrepreneurs who demonstrate a higher entrepreneurial mindset also tend to exhibit higher levels of risk-taking behavior. The study concludes that strong entrepreneurial traits lead to a higher willingness to take risks, highlighting the importance of strengthening entrepreneurship education to promote responsible and calculated decision-making among young entrepreneurs.

Keywords—entrepreneurial mindset, risk-taking behavior, youth start-ups, senior high school, correlational study

Development and Comparative Study of Hollow blocks Made from Crushed Bivalve and Gastropod Shells and Coconut Mesocarp Fiber

John Younos V. Magdaraog, Roger Jr. T. Trinidad, Kian Jasper A. Manlangit, and Kenjie L. Tabor

In this research, the mechanical behavior, water absorption process and durability performance of hollow blocks formulated with coconut-aggregate and waste for some usual component substitutions were examined. Three mixtures were tested: control with 100% conventional blocks, Mixture 1 with 30% crushed Bivalve and Gastropod shells +70% conventional material, and Mixture 2 with 30% coconut mesocarp fiber +70 % conventional material. Compressive stress was determined as the load applied divided by the cross-sectional area of a hollow block. Durability was evaluated after a drop test from 1.5 feet and water uptake was determined at an immersion time of 1 h. The impact test revealed that the mesocarp fiber blend has higher structural stability and retained its cohesion without fragmentation. Crushing of shell-based blend was significant with seashell particles being defragmented. Based on water absorption results, it can be concluded that the overall moderate water uptake of all composites can be attributed to both fiber and mesocarp content mixture showing similar behavior as the matrix. These results indicate that coconut mesocarp fiber. enhances durability and crack resistance of hollow blocks, indicating its potential as a sustainable reinforcement material in construction applications.

Keywords— bivalve shells, gastropod shells, coconut fiber, compressive strength, water absorption, durability

Diversity of Barnacles (Cirripedia) in the Intertidal Zones of Selected Barangays in Virac, Catanduanes

Lian Jane T. Bajaro, Mary Ehrazel Yage V. Rodulfo, Princess Rheian A. Tabuzo, and Radamaine Kyla T. Tato

Barnacles (Cirripedia) are marine crustaceans that live in a variety of environments, such as rocks, shells, corals, mangrove roots, etc., and are usually found in the intertidal zones of tropical climates. The purpose of this study is to assess and document the different barnacle (Cirripedia) species present along the intertidal areas and understand their distribution in the coastal environment. A quadrat sampling was used with 100 x 100 cm gridded frames. In each intertidal zone of Salvacion and San Vicente, five quadrats were put in random areas. Barnacles were collected and were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. All collected species were identified following the barnacle classification on the Rock Pool Project (2020) based on their external morphology, noting the pattern of parietes, opercular plates, and color. Lastly, the Shannon-Wiener Index was used to measure the diversity of barnacles in the intertidal zones. It was found that there were no barnacles found in Salvacion, and only two barnacle species were observed in San Vicente. During low tide, Chthamalus stellatus were found, while during high tide, Chthamalus antennatus was collected. San Vicente is also more abundant in barnacles than Salvacion as the diversity index recorded that barnacle diversity in San Vicente is high and stable despite changes in tidal waves, with a value of 1.58 during high tide and 1.52 during low tide. On the other hand, there’s no diversity in Salvacion, as no barnacles were found. 

Keywords—barnacles (Cirrepedia), diversity, abundance, Chthamalus antennatus, Chthamalus stellatus, Catanduanes, intertidal zone

Semi-Automated Drill-Based Tourniquet System for Hemorrhage Control

Marc Nathaniel T. Espano, Joseph D. Gonzales, Dennis Owen B. Marcellana and Lianne T. Talan

Uncontrolled limb bleeding remains a significant issue in the medical field. Although tourniquets are widely utilized to control this, traditional models still have their limitations. Considering that this tool relies on manual force, there is a possibility of inconsistent pressure that does not stop profuse hemorrhage. After conducting the study and the device’s development, several limitations are found such as cable mismanagement and uncomfortable grip due to the sharp corner design. Regardless of the limitations, the device works as designed. Moreover, the calculations revealed that the device would take less than 4 seconds to turn the windlass of the tourniquet in various limbs.

Keywords—Hemorrhage, Occlude, Tourniquet, Windlass, Torque, Shaft, Chassis, Housing

A Descriptive Study on Time Management Practices Among Senior High School Student Entrepreneurs in Catanduanes National High School

Rosette Francine B. Avila, Aprowin July Jr. T. Panti, Jonh Mark B. Zafe, Ruth Anne M. Zafe

Time management is a crucial skill for everyone to learn especially when managing multiple tasks such in academics or in  business activities. This study, explored the time management practices of Senior High School (SHS) student entrepreneurs at Catanduanes National High School (CNHS) during the academic year 2025-2026. Balancing both academic responsibilities and business venture for  a student is quite a challenge, which time management takes its role. The primary purpose of this study was to describe the level of time management in goal setting and prioritization, planning and scheduling, and time-control and self-discipline among SHS student entrepreneurs. This study utilized a quantitative descriptive research design, and employed a purposive sampling wherein 22 active student entrepreneurs are gathered via a five-point Likert scale survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, and weighted mean. The findings revealed that Grade 11 student entrepreneurs obtained an overall weighted mean of 2.98, interpreted as “Sometimes,” while Grade 12 student entrepreneurs obtained an overall weighted mean of 3.98, interpreted as “Often.” The results shows that Grade 12 students demonstrate more frequent time management practices than Grade 11 students. Overall, the study highlights the importance of strengthening time management skills, particularly among student entrepreneurs, to enhance both academic and entrepreneurial performance.

Keywords— Time management practices, student entrepreneurs, descriptive study, senior high school 

Exploring Polynomial Sequence Formulas using Cramer’s Rule Approach

Joseph D. Gonzales

Mathematics and its different branches, from geometry to linear algebra, are vital to daily life, where many tools have been developed through rigorous observation of patterns. Patterns are found in sequences such as the arithmetic and Fibonacci sequences. However, at first glance, especially for students, polynomial sequences may not exhibit a clear pattern, as they do not always share a common first difference or ratio between terms. In addition, the process of solving these sequences tends to be intensive and tedious. Therefore, the goal of this study is to construct a general formula for the nth degree polynomial sequence. After utilizing concepts from linear algebra, the following equation was derived (Equation 1).

The formula provides a way to solve for the coefficients using determinants of matrices. For practical applications,  n∈2,3 are recommended as they involve determinants of manageable matrices. For computerized processes, the general formula may be coded as an alternative. However, since determinant calculations can be memory-intensive, algorithms such as LU decomposition and the Strassen algorithm, which have lower time complexities, are recommended.

Keywords—Polynomial Sequence, Cramer’s Rule, Determinant, Matrices, Strong Induction  

Lichens on Trees as Bioindicator of Air Quality Observed at Imelda Boulevard, Virac, Catanduanes

Ivan Achilles S. Able, Ruzzel Kier Torres, Kristine Cathlyn S. Rabulan, and Hannah Isabelle M. Tria

The research studied the properties of lichens along tree barks in Imelda Boulevard, Virac, Catanduanes in order to assess the air quality. It uses the lichens as bioindicators of air pollution. The independent variables were vehicle counts, road proximity, bark types, and winds. Meanwhile, the dependent variables were lichen types (Crustose, Fruticose, and Foliose), coverage, frequency, and distribution. Data was derived from field quadrant sampling, 5-minutes video recordings every 50 meters, and laboratory tests. Moreover, lichens in the chosen site totaled to 119 specimens, with only two general types—the Crustose and foliose lichens—and only 4 genera—Pertusaria, Lepraria, Dirinaria, Physcia. It also unraveled that vehicle emissions by motorcycles and cars are not the only factors that threaten lichen population, but also the businesses that use charcoals and construction near the area. The study concluded that scarcity of lichen population reveals the low air quality in the area due to regular greenhouse gas emissions.

Keywords—air quality, lichen, crustose, foliose, genera, pollution, bioindicator, trees

Traysicall: A Case Study of a Low-Cost ESP-NOW Signaling System for Interior Village-to-Highway Tricycle Communication in West Garden Phase 3 Village

Joseph Francis T. Saldua, Camilla Joy T. Lerida, Laurence Timothy B. Go, and Josh Nimrod B. Taroy

This study addressed the "last-mile" communication gap in West Garden Phase 3 Village, where residents in the village interior struggle to signal tricycle drivers on the main road. The researchers developed TraysiCall, a two-way wireless signaling system utilizing the ESP-NOW protocol and custom-fabricated Cantenna waveguides. Following an Engineering Design Process (EDP), the system was evaluated through technical field trials and efficiency simulations.

Results from Phase 1 (Line-of-Sight) testing at the Boulevard of Virac demonstrated a 100% Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) at a range of 350 meters, with an average RSSI of -82 dBm. Phase 2 testing in the village interior confirmed that a 35-degree upward antenna tilt successfully overcame signal attenuation caused by dense vegetation, maintaining perfect reliability (100% PDR) at a depth of 350 meters. Furthermore, efficiency trials revealed that TraysiCall reduced the transport request time from a traditional walking average of 8 minutes and 57 seconds to a near-instantaneous signal transmission of 1.24 seconds—a 99.3% increase in efficiency.

With a core hardware cost of less than ₱1,650 per unit pair, the study concludes that TraysiCall is a highly viable, affordable, and reliable alternative to cellular-based applications for informal transport sectors. The researchers recommend the integration of solar power and weatherproof housing for long-term community deployment.

Keywords—ESP-NOW, Cantenna, Last-Mile Communication, Tricycle Signaling, West Garden Phase 3

Perceptions on Implementation, Academic Experiences, and Emotional Responses of CNHS’ ASSH Education Students on Piloted Strengthened SHS Curriculum

Ina Manlangit, Mariah Joy T. Sarmiento, Sophia Erika M. Sarmiento, Juliann U. Sta. Ines

Improving the curriculum is important for making secondary education more relevant and preparing students for college and future careers. This study explored how senior high school students at Catanduanes National High School experienced the pilot Strengthened Senior High School Curriculum. The purpose of the study was to determine students’ level of agreement regarding the curriculum’s implementation, their academic experiences, and their emotional responses while undergoing the pilot program. A descriptive research design was used, employing a survey questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. The respondents consisted of eighty-six Grade 11 students under the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities cluster aligned with the education field. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, specifically the mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that students generally agreed with the implementation of the strengthened curriculum, reflecting positive perceptions across all areas. Results also indicated favorable academic experiences and positive emotional responses. The study concludes that the pilot implementation of the strengthened curriculum positively influenced students’ learning experiences and emotional well-being and supports its potential for broader implementation.

Keywords—Strengthened Senior High School Curriculum, curriculum implementation, student perceptions, academic experiences, emotional responses, Arts Social Sciences and Humanities